Monday, October 03, 2005

Polish Government

I was amazed to find that there are no capitalist parties in Polish government. There are only various flavors of socialist, with the main difference being the extent of moral conservatism they represent. I spoke of Polish conservatism in an earlier post, so will omit those details here.
What's interesting is the manner in which government is elected, and how it works, or doesn't, in some cases.
For one thing, there is no electoral college concept, but there's no true democracy either. What happens is that each district creates a list of candidates, and places those candidates in order of importance for the party. When the population of the district votes, they vote for individual candidates, but in reality only vote for the party. The party then receives a number of seats in parliament corresponding to the percentage of the vote it received in the district. The seats are then allocated to the candidates on the list in list order. So, if you're canidate 24 on a list, and your party only gets 23 seats from the district, you're out of luck, and don't make it into parliament.
In theory this system has its merits, but it also leads to "list fixing", where the party allocates its most powerful members on various lists across the country, in order to ensure that they make it into Parliament. For example, Roman Giertych, the leader of the League of Polish Families party, placed himself as the number one entry on the Warsaw list of candidates from his party. This would ensure that he made it into parliament, as chances were that the party would receive at least one seat from the region (it turned out that Warsaw gave LPR barely one seat, and even that was in question until all the votes were counted, so Giertych almost didn't make it into government). What this leads to is a system where the candidates for a region don't really have anything to do with the region they're listed in, and often the voters know nothing about these candidates.
The Parliament is the most powerful entity in Polish government. It suggests and approves Laws, and carries out the bulk of government work. As a throw-back to times past, every member of Parliament automatically gets "diplomatic immunity" and cannot be prosecuted in any way, nor stopped and ticketed, etc. There is an ongoing debate to get rid of this archaism, but of course those who stand to be most affected are those who enjoy the benefits of such protection.
The party that wins the elections, or has the highest percentage of the vote, even if it's under the 50% clear majority, gets to decide who the Premier will be. The Premier is the individual who actually carries out the job of country head, and forms a cabinet, and takes care of day-to-day government affairs. There is also a President, elected in a separate public vote, but he is pretty much a figurehead, and can at most veto a law that is being pushed by the Parliament. (Even then, the law can get pushed through with a repeat vote, but I'm not sure if there is a percentage for vote required, or just a simple majority).
If a Party does not get a 50% majority of the vote, it has to form a coalition with other parties, in order to form a government. This leads to lots of wheeling and dealing after elections, as winning parties try to win over the fringe parties, in order to form a majority government. There are usually two big winners, and then a whole list of smaller players. (A party needs to get at least 5% of the public vote to get into government at all.)
What happens after elections is the source of frustration for everyone in the country. The government forms, then starts meeting, and then proceeds to waste time and energy on issues that don't fundamentally move the country forward, instead dealing with things that are either beneficial to a small percentage of the population, the government members among them, or get stuck on issues with an impasse, due to opposing views and lack of ability to compromise.
In the end, the government ends up doing very little, as many of the government members see it as their source of income and wealth, and as such will do what it takes to get there, even without the proper qualifications and preparation. You often hear these people speak publicly, and have to laugh, because they sound like complete morons.

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